Ensiklopedia

Encyclopedias 

 

Encyclopedias (/ encyclopedia /) is the number of posts that contain explanations that stores information in a comprehensive and quick to understand and be understood about all branches of science or specialized in one particular branch of science that is composed in part of the articles with a single topic at each articles arranged alphabetically, category or the volume of publications and are generally printed in the form of a series of books that depends on the amount of material included.

Etymology

The word "encyclopedia" is taken from the Greek; enkyklios paideia (ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία) which means a complete circle or teaching. That was an education plenary encyclopedia covering all the circles of science. Often dicampurbaurkan encyclopedia with encyclopedia-dictionary and encyclopedia outset it evolved from the dictionary. The main difference between the dictionary and the encyclopedia is that a dictionary only gives the definition of each entry or lemma viewed from the perspective of linguistics, or just give a synonym words only, whereas an encyclopedia to explain in more depth than we seek. An encyclopedia to try to explain each article as a phenomenon. Or more succinctly: the dictionary is a list of words that described by other words, while an encyclopedia is a list of things that are sometimes equipped with a picture to better explain. 

Encyclopedia of the Classical Period Antiques in Europe 

Encyclopedias word derived from Greek, especially ancient Greek. However, the encyclopedia of the oldest is not derived from Greek but from the Roman Empire, written by Marcus Porcius Cato and live in the 3rd century BC to 2. Shape encyclopedia that still exist today and the oldest written by Caius Pliny Secundus in the first century AD. Pliny encyclopedia consists of 38 volumes. History encyclopedia in the modern world
In the modern era, said the encyclopedia was first used by Paul Scalich, a German writer in 1559. Then the English philosopher Francis Bacon at the beginning of the 17th century using this word in the modern sense.
But the meaning of the word encyclopedia new meaning as used in today after Denis Diderot, French writer and philosopher also use this word to name the project under dikerjannya. The project is also said to project the 18th century lasted for 30 years, from 1750 to 1780. The purpose of this project to write systematically all the knowledge known to mankind. 

In the French language is called the Diderot encyclopedia: Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. This means that in the Indonesian language is the "Encyclopedia or dictionary annotated about science, art and work. Encyclopedias in Indonesia Classical era.

Encyclopedia of the oldest in Indonesia comes from the island of Java, Java-Hindu culture and written in Old Javanese. The encyclopedia is called Cantaka Parwa and contains all kinds of science and the stories of mythology and epic. Most likely Cantaka Parwa book was written in the 9th century AD. 

Besides Cantaka Parwa, Chanda Kirana book more or less derived from the same period also deserves to be called as well. But Chanda Kirana actually more revealing distinctive features of a dictionary than an encyclopedia. 

Then in the post-Javanese Hindu or Islamic period, between the 16th century until the 18th century, emerging literary works which is not intended as an encyclopedia, but it is encyclopedic. The books in question are Centhini Fiber and Fiber Cabolang. These books contain stories and learning of students who wander everywhere. In every place where he stopped, there he learns new things. These books are not rare thick volumes, initially was expected to do a collection of works on all kinds of science are assembled into one.
Then in the mid-19th century, the poet of Surakarta; Ranggawarsita write a literary work which he called the King Library Purwa ("The Book of King Kuna"). His book is highly favored by the general public at the time, includes all kinds of stories about the history of ancient kings and other things. The stories are written in chronological order by Rangga Warsita. Even after Rangga Warsita not continue this book, the book was followed by his fans. 

More or less simultaneously with Ranggawarsita, also written a work that is Encyclopedists in Surakarta by Padma ki Literature (Pustaka Wira). The book is by Padma Literature named Bahuwarna. This work has to be modern, because all the materials discussed and published in his book, arranged alphabetically. So with this Bahuwarna, have we come to the modern era and closed the classical era.  

Contemporary Era General Encyclopedias Indonesian In the works Adi Negoro, Moon Stars, Jakarta, 1954. 

Indonesian People who tasted the Dutch colonial education, from late 19th century and the beginning of the 20 became interested in ideas and style of the Western World thinking. Then came the works that are in the Indonesian language encyclopedia. But a complete encyclopedia in the Indonesian language only appeared in 1953, after Indonesia's independence, the Encyclopedia of Indonesia.
In post-Independence era Indonesia, especially nowadays famous encyclopedia include Encyclopedia of Indonesia that has been called on this. This encyclopedia contains 7 volumes and the Encyclopedia of the National Indonesia consisting of 18 volumes. Then in the last decade of the 20th century also appears encyclopedia that is based on Islam and called the Indonesian Islamic Encyclopedia. One of the authors encyclopedia latter is Nurcholish Madjid. 

Then there are also entitled encyclopedia based on the teachings of the Catholic Church compiled by the Encyclopedia of Adolf Heuken. 

There are also several small encyclopedia-encyclopedia that is not too important and the translation of foreign languages. Usually this is an encyclopedia-encyclopedia-encyclopedia encyclopedia teenagers or children.  

Encyclopedias on future 

With the advent of the digital information revolution, it also comes in the form of software encyclopedia where each entry or lemma can be found easily. An example is the Encarta, Microsoft's encyclopedia of output. In 2001 appeared a popular encyclopedia on the Internet is Wikipedia. Simple attempt to write an encyclopedia of the most comprehensive in all languages in the world and presents them freely in cyberspace. This online encyclopedia is reflected in many languages, including Indonesian.

source : wikipedia.org